GIS is not…

Perhaps a simplistic method to create an explanation of GIS is to first understand what it is not. For instance:

GIS is NOT a map. A map is a 2D or 3D representation of an area on paper or computer. It is a visual report. Calling GIS a map would be equivalent to calling a pie graph “statistics.” A map is a report that displays information that is produced by any graphic editor, be it some type of technology, cartography, or simply hand-drawn on a bar napkin. I don’t know how many times I have heard the term “GIS map.” I know what the person is referring to (a map that comes from a GIS technology), but that term is being used incorrectly.

GIS is NOT data. Data is facts that can provide descriptive attributes. Those descriptors can be text, images, or again, information written on a bar napkin. Data is usually stored digitally on a computer within a database. A GIS uses data to create analysis. Graphic editors or a cartographer can use data to create a map. I have heard the term “GIS data” often as well. Again, what the person is generally referring to is graphic or pictorial data that is compiled with graphic software to create a map or some type of visual display. However, GIS relies on text data as much as pictorial data.

GIS is NOT GPS (global positioning system). GPS is a device that receives satellite information to use as a location identifier on the earth. This information is best displayed to the common user on a map.

GIS is NOT a single software company. GIS technology has been created by various companies worldwide. They each have a specialization in certain types of analysis. If a company proclaims they have a specialization in maps, then they are a graphic editing company, or should call themselves cartographic (from cartography – the production of maps - http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cartography ).

GIS is NOT a satellite image. A view of the world from above, sometimes referred as “birds eye view” can be created by satellite or airplane snapshots and processed into images. These are also referred as “aerial images” or “orthophotography.” This is just another form of data that displays “real life” (not drawn) pictures on a map.